1) Development of biometrical methods to study the genetic relationships and to estimate heritability in germplasm accessions of wheat, faba-bean, Jerusalem artichoke, artichoke, hazelnut and chestnut. 2) Identification of polymorphic biochemical (isoenzymes and storage proteins) and molecular genetic markers (RAPD, AFLP, RFLP, SCAR, SSR, SNP, Microarray, NGS) to (i) assess the genetic variation in natural populations of different domesticated plant species (i.e. forage legumes, Triticum spp., Caper, Poplar, Orchids, Artichoke, Pistachio, Chestnut and Hazelnut), (ii) transfer genes from wild to cultivated species (i.e. D. villosum – wheats) for enhancing resistance to biotic stresses (powdery mildew and rusts), and (iii) fingerprinting and varietal identification. 3) Construction of genetic maps and genes localization; in particular genes involved in the resistance to water stresses by identifying some allelic variants conferring tolerance. Analyzing the linkage disequilibrium, the Hitchhiking effects and the QTLs involved in tolerance to abiotic stresses. 4) Designing and application of an effective selection method of new AABB lines of durum wheat by hybridization between anphiploidi AABBVV and hexaploid wheats AABBDD. 5) Microarray monitoring of gene expression during the synthesis and accumulation of carbohydrate in the tubers of Helianthus tuberosus clones displaying high production of biomass in order to identify those suitable for efficient conversion into bioethanol. 6) Development of indicators to quantify the biological diversity and geographical spread of invasive species of forest pathogens and to make predictions on the adaptive capacity of cultivated species to environmental extremes induced by climate changes. 7) Assessment of problems connected with the biodiversity preservation and evaluation of the relationships between genetic variability distribution and some climatic and micro-climatic conditions at the origin sites, utilizing an eco-genetics approach. 8) Quantification and phylogenetic analysis of the level of dispersion of retrotransposons in genomes of different species within the Triticum and Aegilops genera.